电离辐射诱发小鼠生殖细胞染色体畸变的规律及其影响因素

Some characteristics and its influence factors of chromosome aberrations of germ cells induced by ionizing radiation in mice

作者发现对低ＬＥＴ电离辐射（ｘ、γ射线）诱发小鼠生殖细胞染色体畸变的规律是大剂量照射呈现直线和线性平方两种模型：小剂量照射为直线模型。同时证明雄性生殖细胞畸变率最高；在减数分裂过程中受照次级精母细胞，染色体畸变率分别高于精原和初级精母细胞，其中细线期受照时，精母细胞染色体畸变率最低，终变期最高；全《照射诱发生殖细胞染色体畸变率明显高于睾丸局部照射；急性照射明显高于慢性照射的畸变率。

The chromosome aberrations of germ calls in mice low LET ionizing radiation weresystematically studied.The study demonstrated that the chromosome aberrations were linear or linear-ly square correlated with X-ray doses in large doses;that was linear correlated vVith X-ray doses inlow doses.In addition,there were many factors directly influencing chromosome aberrations. The aber-rations of the germ cellls in males were 4.4 times of that in females. The aberrations in the germ cellswere significantly higher after meiosis than before. The aberrations in secondary spermatocytes were 3.6 times of that in spermatogonia and 10 times of that in primary spermatocytes,respectively. In dif-ferent phases of meiosis,the amount of chromosome aberrations in leptotene was the least, that in di-aknesis was the most.The spermatogonic translocation rate receiving a whole body X-irradiation was 1.74 times of that receiving a local testis X-irradiation. The spermatogonic translocation rate of acute X-irradiation was 4.6～6.3 times of that of chronic γ-irradiation.