简易材料论──事物观与方法论

Concise Discussion on Material

材料是在“变易”的，并有“不易”的道理。本文尝试陈述材料学中简易的、不易的、变易原则［１］，提炼作者５０余年在材料学海浮沉漫游的体会［２～１２］。全文分３部分共１０节。引论３节：１个定义─材料；２个框图─微观和宏观材料问题；３条推理途径─演绎、归纳和类比。分论５节：１个符号─性能；１个方程─结构；４个对待─环境；３条原理─过程；８个分析─能量。结论２节：５点事物观；通才的２种方法。全文论述了１０个命题，提出了３０个观点或方法；从物出发，涉及到人和事；也可命名为“物观和方法论”。

Material has been changing, and there are unchanged laws about thesechanges. These simple and unchanged laws about the changee of material were realized during Author's past 51 years study on materialogy after graduation from the univeroity and will be discussed in this paper. It is divided into three parts with ten sections. The first part is discussion which consists of 3 sections: one definition on material; two diagrams about the micro-and macro-problems of material; and three methods of reasoning. The second part is discussion which consists of 5 sections: one symbol for property; one equation for structure; four ways to deal with environment; three principles of natural process; and eight methods for energetical analysis. The third part is conclusion which consists of 2 sections. five points of view on things and two methods of reasoning for the generalist. Altogether, in this paper, ten topies are discussed and thirty view points or methods are presented about niaterial, people and thing. 'Outlook on thing and Methodology' could be another title of this article.