对生产力概念的再认识

Rethinking the Concept of the Productive Forces

生产力作为人们征服、改造自然的能力、除了传统的“三要素”构成外，还可理解为“两要素”构成，即把生产力理解为人与物的结合，这样能够更准确地说明生产力对生产关系的决定作用。首先，生产关系的技术性质──生产的组织、规模等是由不同时期的人与物的结合状况决定的；其次，生产关系的社会性质──生产资料的所有制、分配等，从根本上说也是由人与物的结合所决定的。劳动者是能动的，劳动资料和劳动对象相对于劳动者来说是被动的。人与物之间这种积极与消极、能动与被动的关系，决定了生产力的发展既是处于活跃易变的状态，同时又是一个自然的渐进过程，不能超越。

Productive forces, human ability to conquer and remould nature, can be inter-Dreted as a constitution of“two factors”,i,e, the constitution of man and matter(means ofproduction and object of labour),apart from the constitutioii of the traditional“three factors”.If we define the productive forces as the integration of man and matter, we can more conciselyexplain the decisive role of the productive forces to productive relations, Firstly,the technologi-cal,nature of the productive forces the organization and the scale of the production is decidedhy the integration of man and matter in different periods.Secondly,the social nature of theprodtictive relations the ownership of means of production and distribution, etc. is also de-cided by the integration of man and matter, basically speaking.The labourers are active, whilemeans of production and object of labour are passive for man, The positive and megative activeand passive, relationship between man and matter determines that the development of theproductive forces is in a state of activity and changeability and can by no means be overridden.[