苜蓿切叶蜂一年异地两次为苜蓿授粉的研究

Alfalfa Leafcutter Bee for Pollination of Alfalfa Twice a Year in Different Areas

苜蓿切叶蜂是为苜蓿授粉最有效的昆虫。利用我国幅员辽阔，南北气候差异大、苜蓿开花期不同的特点，每年5月中下旬至6月下旬在北京苜蓿开花期间放第一次蜂，回收后立即运往吉林白城地区于6月下旬至7月初放第二次蜂，为当地苜蓿授粉，8月中下旬收回。经过三年共六次的释放试验表明，这种一年异地两次放蜂的方法是可行的，取得了蜂产量增长2～3倍，苜蓿种子增产2～4倍的良好结果。评价了蜂茧的产量、质量及苜蓿种子增产的效益。还对该蜂的羽化、筑巢的动态以及一些生态要求等进行观察与分析。为在我国开发和利用苜蓿切叶蜂提供了理论依据。

The alfalfa leafcutter bee(Megachile rotundata) is the most important pollinator for alfalfa.These bees can be placed in the fields at the end of May in Beijing and recovered them at the end of June,then immediately placed in the field at Baicheng in Jilin province, and to be recovered at about 20th, August.In the past three years the experiments indicated that this method releasing bees was successful and to obtaintwo to three folds increase of the bee population and two to four folds increase of alfalfa seed yields. The production and quality of alfalfa leafcutter bee were estimated. The dynamics of emergence and nesting period ofbees and some ecological factors were observed and discussed.