白鱀豚种群现状、致危因素及保护策略的研究

RESEARCH ON THE STATUS QUO AND ENDANGERING FACTORS OF BAIJI,LIPOTES VEXILLIFER,AND THE STRATEGY FOR ITS PROTECTION

受人类活动的影响，白鱀豚种群衰减速度加快。１９８６年种群数量不足３００头；１９９１年发现又有减少。致危原因是：受葛洲坝水利工程的影响，受裁弯工程影响，受江湖阻隔、江水污染、航船噪声、食物鱼减少等因素影响，白豚栖息活动的缓回水区环境恶化，严重干扰了白 豚的生存和繁衍。抢救白 豚首先要保护好白 豚赖以生存的缓回水区，减少意外死亡。继而活捕白 豚，将部分个体从长江干流移入人工饲养池、半自然水域或自然水域内进行养护繁殖，同时大力加强科学研究，提高保护效能。

he decline of the popu1ation of Baiji,Lipotes Vexillifer,has been accelerating,because the effect of human economic activities,on the population, has been becoming more serious,The authors found out that the population in l986 was less than 300,but,in l991,it was still less.The cause of death mainly lies in the effect of the Gezhou-Dam Water Control Project.The other principal cause is the work to short circuit curvature of the river.Besides,thedeterioration of the river’s sluggish and circuitous current areas as a consequences of theseverance of the river from the lake,the pollution of the river,the noisy vessels on the river,the reduction of the forage fish, and so on,brings about a menace to the subsistence andreproduciton of Baiji.The authors propose that the following measures be adopted to save Baiji. The mostimportant thing is to conserve the sluggish and circuitous current areas in order to reduce itsaccidental death.The second is to capture a number of individuals from the Yangtze Riverand transfer them into rearing pool, semi-natural water areas, or certain safer naturalwaters to let them live and reproduce under artificial conditions.The third is to reinforce thebiological research of Baiji,so as to enhance the efficiency of protection.