摘要
本文采用改进的滴体积法和廷德尔（Ｔｙｎｄａｌｌ）结晶视察法研究了表面活性剂对无机盐水溶液的表面张力和溶液结晶过饱和度的影响．并用电子探针照片分析了硼酸结晶改性前后的晶体生长情况、实验证明；微量的表面活性剂在无机盐饱和溶液中与在纯水中一样，同样具有降低表面张力，增大溶液表面活性的作用；此外，实验还发现，表面活性剂还能极大地改变溶液结晶过饱和度，使溶液的结晶速率发生变化．为此，给出了表面活性剂在无机盐溶液中结晶改性机理的新解释。
The changes of the surface tension and supersaturation have been determinded in some inorganic salt solutions added different surfactancts.The crystallization in salt solution in the presence of small amounts of surfactants produce crystals of different habits and sizes depending on the type and amount of surfactants present. The experiments show that the surfactants not noly reduce the surface tension but also change the supersaturation greatly. A new explain of the influence of surfactants on crystal habits in inorganic salt solution has been presented based on the assume of solute clusters according to the experiments.
基金
成都科技大学青年科学基金
