引进美国大豆种质资源的健康筛选

SCREENING FOR HEALTH OF IMPORTED SOYBEAN GERMPLASMS FROM UMTED STATES OF AMERICA

在国家农作物引种隔离检疫基地，对从美国引进的２８７份大豆种质资源进行隔离检疫及筛选健康种质。干种子直接检查结果表明有７６．０％的品种带有病粒，其中２１４份带有被大豆花叶病毒（ＳＭＶ）侵染产生的黑色（或褐色）斑驳粒，病粒率为２—１００％。抽样３８份大豆种质进行洗涤检验和吸水纸法检验，两种方法共检测出８属病原真菌，一种线虫和一种细菌，其中；以串珠镰刀菌（Ｆ．ｍｏｎｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｅ）和大豆霜霉病菌（Ｐ．ｍａｎａｓｃｈｕｒｉｃａ）的带菌率最高。生长试验发现６种类型的类似于病毒病症状的病株，生物检测、血清学检测及电镜观察结果表明有４株为ＳＭＶ侵染病株。血清学检测没有发现我国对外检疫的４种危险性病毒（ＴｏｍＲＳＶ、ＴＲＳＶ、ＡｒＭＶ、ＳＢＭＶ）。同时，也未发现对外检疫重要性病原真菌大豆疫病菌（Ｐｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａｍｅｇａｓｐｅｒｍａ（Ｄｒｅｃｈｓ．）ｆ．ｓｐ．ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅａＫｕａｎ＆Ｅｒｗｉｎ）。淘汰病株后共收获２７３份健康种质。

At the National Station for Plant Introduction and Quarantine, 287 soybeangermplasms deported from U.S.A are isolated and screened for health. Results of dry seedvisual test show 76.0% varieties contain diseased seed,and 214 varieties carry 2-100%mottled seed infected by SMV. Washing test and blotter test on 38 varieties, 8 genera ofphant pathogenic fungi, 1 plant pathogenic nematode and 1 plant pathogenic bacterium aredetected.Among detected plant pathogens, Fusarium moniliforme and Peronospora manxchurica have high proportion.During growing-on tast,6 types of viruslike symptom arefound. By biological test,serological test and detected by electron microscope, found that 4diseased plants are infected by SMV. No quarantine plant viruses(ArMV,TRSV,SBMV,TomRSV) are detected by serological test. Phytophthora megasperma (Drechs,) f.sp.glycinea Kuan &. Erwin,an important quarantine phot pathogenic fungus, is not detectedtoo. Finally,273 varieties that are free of.phot pathogens were harvested.