氨态氮在低温下对鱼的急性毒性研究

A Study on the Acute Toxicity of Ammonia to Fishes in Low Temperature

利用北方池塘养殖的几种主要鱼类杂交鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼等，在水温为２～１０℃的条件下进行氨态氮的急性毒性试验．结果表明：氨态氮对鱼的急性毒性是水温高毒性大；对氨毒的耐受能力是鲢＜镜鲤＜丰鲤＜草鱼＜鳙；在假定非离子氨与离子氨（铵）对鱼均有毒，并且毒性符合加和性的前提下提出，非离子氨的毒性大约是离子氨（铵）毒性的７０～８０倍．

This paper investigates the acute toxicity of ammonia to several mainly fishes such as hybrid common carp,silver carp,bighead carp,grass carp and others for pond culture in the north at present under conditions of low tempera-ture of 2～10℃ in tanks. The results show that the acute toxicity of ammonia to fishes increases with the rising water temperature,The endurance to ammonia to toxcity is silver carp<mirror carp < grass carp<bighead carp. Suppose that both ammonia and ammonium have toxicity to fishes and the toxicity accords with redoubling,the toxicity of ammonia is 70～80 times to that of ammonium.