从线粒体和叶绿体基因组的结构看生物基因组的进化

STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION OF ORGANIC GENOMES PROM AN APPROACH OF ANALYZING THE STRUCTURES OF MITOCHONDRIAL AND CHLOROPLAST GENOMES

通过分析各类真核生物线粒体和叶绿体基因组的大小与结构，得出这两种细胞器基因组都有小基因组与大基因组两种形式以及与之对应的结构特点，从而都是通过两种进化途径从它们各自祖先的基因组发展成为现代的线粒体和叶绿体基因组的结论。比较细胞器基因组与核（类核）基因组的存在和性质，发现类似的两种途径同样可以说明核（类核）基因组的进化。结合这三种基因组的起源问题，提出了一个生物基因组起源和进化的统一模式。

The she and structures of the mitochondrtal and choroplast genomes in all kinds of eukaryotes were analyzed,revealing that both organelle genomes would have forms Of small genome and large genome, and also the corresponding structural Charaders. It was concluded from these analyses that both modernmitothondrial and Chloroplast genomes evolved asnarion,eaCh relating tO enther'smail genome'or'large genome'. In addition,by Comparing the existing forms and properties of orgnnnlle genomes and nuclear (nucleoid) genomes, it was discovered that two similer evolutionary scenarios would also explain the evolution of nuclear (mucleoid ) genomes. Combining the above conclusion with the issue of the origins Of the three kinds Of genomes, a general pattern for the origin and evOlution of organic genomes was proposed.