东北区农业气候土壤资源潜力及开发利用研究

THE ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY,EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATIONOF CLIMATE-SOIL RESOURCESIN NORTHEAST CHINA

采用新的热量、水分、土壤条件订正函数,建立了东北区玉米、水稻、大豆气候生产潜力和资源生产潜力模式,分析了东北区主要作物光合、光温、气候和资源生产力的地理分布,指出了各地改善热量、水分、土壤资源条件和充分开发利用农业科学技术的增产潜力,分析了逐步实现气候潜力和光温潜力的可能性及其途径.

In this paper, the models for the resource potential of photosynthesis and light-temperature of corn, rice and soybean, climate -soil resources potentials in the northeast region of China were esteablished by using the new functions that the crops yield response on temperature, water and soil resources, the geographic distribution of the potentials were analysed, too. Also, the maximum crops yield increase potential were analysed in improving and exploitting the water, thermal, soil resources conditions and agro -tech utilization. The result showed that the light, light-temperature, climate and resource potential productivity of the main crops are high in every area of northeast region and their geographic difference are quite marked. In the main areas of the northeast region, the main crops potential productivity of photosynthesis are 4-5 times that the actural mean crops yield, the light-temperature potentials are about 21,000 kg per ha, it is about 3. 5 times as large as the actural yield, the climate potential productitvty of corn and rice are about 17000 kg per ha, the soybean is 5,000kg per ha, and they are about 2. 8 times that the actural yields. The resource potentials of corn and rice are about 12,000kg per ha, that of soybean is 3,500kg per ha, and they are about 2. 0 times that the actural yields. The climate yield in the south area of the northeast region are about 2. 5 times that of the north. The exploitation and utilizable potentials of the resources and agro -tech are great, the crops yield could increase by 40-60 percent with improving the thermal condition in the north and east areas, it could increase by 40 percent with building irrigation work in the southwest and the Sanjiang Plain areas, it could increase by 40 percent with improving the soil ecological condition. The resource, climate and light -temperature potential productitvity of main crops are realizable progressively with making great effort.