中国自然灾害的空间分布特征

THE SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN CHINA

中国自然灾害的分布以秦岭－淮河线、胡焕庸线以及青藏高原外缘为界，可划分为四个大区，即北域、南域、西域和过渡带亚域。以灾害的单位面积损失论，黄淮海地区是我国重点灾区，另一个重点区位于川、滇、黔、桂交界地段，它以人员的伤亡而突出。如果以灾害发生的总经济损失定义灾害规模，则活动的规模中心位于以洞庭一武汉和郑州为两端点的地区。

The spactial characteristics of nature disasters in China have been discussed in this paper. The spatial characterstics were discribe as follows:1. Disasters action (DA) in China can be divided into 4 DA territories: North DA territory,South DA territory, West DA territory and the Sensitive-zones DA territory. They are shown in Fig. 1. each territory is characterized by the most frequent disasters in Tab. 1. DA region is the second level classified area, 14 DA regions can be found in China which are shown in Fig. 1. China's disaster distribuion is controlled by a quasi-Qinlin-Huaihe line (at about 34°N) .2. The Huang-Huai-Hai area is an area with huge amount of per unit area economic loss caused by a disaster, which was called as a disaster loss center. the area between Zhengzhou and WuhanDongting Lake is a large disaster action center in China, which was called as a disaster scale weight.In the border zone of Yunnan-Shichang-Guizhou-Guangxi, a hazard may result in a larger number of injuries and deathes.3. The most ferquent zones of disaster action in China are North-China, which are affected by drought and flood, and along Hu-Line zone. Which are affected by drought or arid, landslide and earthquake.In this paper, we used following data: agricultural harversts recordes in the period of 137 BC-1990 AD, and natural disasters during 1990-1991 AD.