高温高压岩石力学──历史、现状、展望

HIGH-TEMPERATURE / HIGH-PRESSURE ROCK MECHANICS: HISTORY, ST ATE-OF-ART AND PR OSPECT

高温高压岩石力学是岩石力学的分支学科，它以固体地球介质（材料）的变形行为和机制为研究对象，与一般变形固体力学相比较，具有高温、高压、强约束、宽时域、大变形、以及固－液相互作用、物理效应－化学效应并存等特点。高温高压岩石力学是在经典连续介质力学的基础上，针对自身的特殊性，运用破裂学、摩擦学和流变学的研究成果，经过相当长时期的酝酿和积累，大致于本世纪七十年代建立并逐步发展起来的。它在岩石破裂、摩擦、流变、失稳、以及脆性－延性转变等方面的研究成果，为地球动力学、构造物理学和地质力学等学科提供了实验和理论基础。可以预期，在本世纪九十年代以及二十一世纪初期，高温高压岩石力学将在研究的深度和广度上得到显著的发展，着重表现在对于地球内部过程特殊性的认识深化、地球介质力学行为研究与物理机制研究的进一步结合、以及实验研究、野外探测与理论分析的结合，并且，将在掌握岩石脆性－延性转变规律和＂破裂－摩擦－流变＂综合研究等方面取得新的进展，从而为进一步揭示地球内部的结构特征和运动规律提供依据。

High-temperature /high-pressure rock mechanics (HTPRM) is a branch of rock mechanics.which targets the deformation behaviors and mechanisms of solid Earth media (materials) and, as compared with the ordinary rock mechanics, is characterized in its obJects by high temperature, high pressure, strong constraints, wide time domain, large deformation, solid-liquid interaction, and coexistence of physical and chemical effects, etc. Through a long period for preparation and accumulation of knowledge, HTPRM has been established and developed since about 1970's on the basis of the classical contnuum mechanics and the applications of fractology, tribology and rheology to its specific problems. The results of its studies in fracture, friction, flow, instability, trittle-ductile transition, etc. are provided as a experimental and theoretical basis for gcodynamics, tectonophysics and geomcchanics. It is expected that HTPRM will be developed significantly in 1990's and the early part of the 21th century, especially, involving the profound understanding of the Earth's interior and its particularity, the further combination between the studies of mechanical behaviors and physical mechanisms of rocks, and the integration of experimental study, field investigation and theoretical analysis, and, furthermore, that the new progression will be made in grasping the regularity of brittle-ductile transition and comprehensive study of″fracture / friction / flow″of rocks, providing a basis for further revealing the structural characteristics and the dynamics of the Earth′s interior.