包裹体研究──盆地流体追踪的有力工具

FLUID INCLUSION STUDIES──AN EFFECTIVE MEANS FOR BASIN FLUID INVESTIGATION

矿物包裹体在研究碳酸盐岩的成岩作用，恢复盆地的热演化历史，指示油气生成、运移、聚集方面取得了很大进展。矿物包裹体是盆地流体的原始样品，它记录了地质历史中盆地流体的很多信息，有效地测定各期矿物流体包裹体的均一温度，是直接了解盆地热流体活动的重要数据；系统测定各类流体包裹体的初熔温度和冰点温度，能大致判断流体的矿化类型和矿化程度；流体包裹体的ｐ－Ｖ－Ｔ－ｘ研究，是探讨流体温度、压力的依据；荧光显微镜等对有机包裹体的有效鉴别，色谱方法对流体包裹体有机和无机成分的分析能提供流体组成和烃类赋存的多种信息；特别是近年来大力发展的单个包裹体的激光拉曼光谱等探针分析，以及包裹体群的ＧＣ－ＭＳ和δ￣（１３）Ｃ、δＤ、δ￣（１８）Ｏ同位素分析在追踪盆地流体性质、成因及其与油气等矿产的关系方面将发挥愈来愈大的作用。

Fluid inclusion applications have made a great progress in research on the diage-netic process of carbonate sediments,the recovery of basin thermal evolution history, andexploring oil and gas formation,migration and accumulation etc..Mineral fluid inclusion,as an original sample of basin fluid.records a great deal of information about geologicalprocesses in geological history.The homogenization temperature of fluid inclusion canmake sigriificant contribution to directly understand the basin thermal fluid activity.Sys-tematic determining the primordial-melting temperature and ice-melting temperature in dif-ferent types of fluid inclusion can distinguish the types of mineralized water and mineral-ization intensity of fluid.On the basis of p,V,T,X properties of fluid inclusion,fluid tem-perature and pressure can be obtained.Identification of organic inclusion by means of fluo-rescence microscopy and analysis of organin/inorganic components of fluid inclusion bymeans of gas chromatography can provide chemical composition of fluid and hydrocar-bon-generating information. With the rapid development of methodology for fluid in-clusion analysis(e.g. Laser Roman spectroscopy analysis to individual inclusions devel-oped during the last few years,high resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometersand carbon,hydrogen,oxygen isotopic analysis to inclusion populations etc.),fluid inclu-sion studies will play much more important roles in tracing basin fluid characters, genesisand its relationship with commodity(oil/gas,metal deposit etc.).