两种材色的兴安落叶松木材的超微结构与木材分子的比较研究

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE AND WOOD ELEMENTS OF DAHURIAN LARCH OF TWO WOOD COLOURS

为了比较兴安落叶松红、白材在应用上的优劣。本文对与力学品质因数有关的内容进行了木材超微结构与木材分子的研究，其结果：（１）红、白材的生长轮明显，早材管胞至晚材管胞急变。早材管胞腔大而壁薄、晚材管胞腔小而壁厚。红材晚材部分的几排管胞壁层最厚。管泡长度由早材向晚村逐渐增加，白材管胞平均长度大于红材管胞长度；（２）白材年轮较宽，年轮结构均匀，晚材率较低。红材年轮较窄，晚材率较高；（３）轴向管胞之间、轴向管胞与射线薄壁细胞之间、轴向管胞与射线管胞之间，均有不同类型的纹孔对。上述特征，在红、白材之间无明显区别；（４）交叉场纹孔属于云杉型，每一交叉区内有２～６个纹孔，多数呈２列排列，少数为单列；（５）红、白材的木质部均具有裂生树脂道，由泌脂细胞、死细胞、伴生薄壁细胞组成。但红材泌脂细胞数目多，白材少；（６）两种材的木射线均由射线薄壁细胞和射线管胞组成，但红材的射线簿壁细胞腔内树脂与无定形沉积物比白材多；（７）按两种材色，分别测量了早、晚材的管胞长度、径向宽度、胞腔径向直径、长宽比、壁腔比等６项指标，表明，主要差异是白材的管胞长度比红材管胞长。

In order to compare the relative merits in application of red and white wood of Dahurian larch, the ultrastructure and wood elements of relevant contents of quality factors of mechanical properties have been tested by the authors. The results are as follows:(1) The annual rings of red and white wood are relatively conspicuous. The tracheids change abruptly from early wood to late wood; The tracheidal cavity is large and its wall is thin in early wood, while the tracheidal cavity is small and its wall is thick in late Wood. Some stichous tracheids are the thickest in part of red late wood. The tracheidal length is gradually increase from early wood to late wood, while the white wood is longer than the red one on the average; (2) The white woed is relatively wide and equal in annual rings,relatively low in the late wood rate, while the red wood is relatively narrow in annual rings, relatively high in the late wood rate; (3) There are different types of pit-pair between the axial tracheids. the axial tracheid and the ray parenchyma, the axial tracheid and the ray tracheid. however, the above characters are inconspicuously different in both the red and white wood. (4) The crossfield pit belongs to piceoid. 2～6 pits in each crossdistrict, mostly distichous, rarely monostichous; (5) The xylem has schizogenous resin canal and is composed of resinosis-cells. dead-cells and companion parenchyma cells. However, the red wood is more than the white wood in resionsis-cells; (6) The xylem ray of both the red and white wood is composed of ray parenchyma and ray tracheid,however, the red wood is more than the white wood in the resins and amorphous sediments of cell cavity of ray parenchyma; (7) According to two wood colours,the tracheidal length and width, diameter of cell cavity. length-to-width ratio and wall-to-cavity ratio of the early and late wood have been tested. The result showed that the main difference is that the tracheidal length of the white wood is longer than that of the red wood.