磷氮系木材阻燃剂的研究

STUDIES ON PHOSPHORUS-NITROGEN SYSTEM FIRE RETARDANTS FOR WOOD

为了获得抗流失性木材阻然剂．并为实现木材工业化的阻燃处理．首先以廉价的尿素为原料、合成了一经甲基脲（ＨＭＵ）；对ＨＭＵ、蜜胺（ＭＡ）、磷酸氢二铵（ＤＡＰ）的配比、处理木材的压力、时间进行了正交实验；测定了阻燃木材的载药率和氧指数以及阻燃剂的抗浸提值。结果表明：影响阻燃性的显著因子是浸药时间．三组分配比影响最小，ＨＭＵ、ＭＡ、ＤＡＰ的较佳配比为５：１：６．５。较佳的阻燃处理条件：压力为６００～１３００Ｐａ，时间为３０ｈ左右、温度为５０℃。当兴安落叶松载药率为０．６３％时，氧指数达到３０，抗浸提值为３６．８８％。该木材阻燃剂具有较好的阻燃性和一定的抗流失性，所选择的阻燃处理条件可作为工业生产的参考。

In order to abtain fire retardants to impart leach resistant to wood and to realize the industrialization of fire retardant treatment of wood,first the monohydroxymethyl urea (HMU)were synthesized using the cheapest urea.A perpendicular experiment on the molar ratio of ingredients of HMU.Melamine(MA)and diammonium phosphate(DAP),the pressure and the time of fire retardant treatment of wood were done.The ratio of fire retardants in wood(RFR).the oxygen index(OI)of fire retardant wood and leach resistant value(LRV)of fire retardant were determined.The results showed that the striking factor of influencing the flame resistivity is the time of impregnation.the least influential factor is the compounding ratio.The optimunl molar ratio of HMU.MA and DAP is 5:1:6.5.The optimum conditions of fire retardant treatment of wood are that the pressure is 600￣1 300 Pa.the time is 30h or so and the temperature is 50℃.When the RFR in Dahurian larch is 0.63%.the OI comes up to 30.the LRV is 36.88%.This fire retardant has fine flame resistivity and certain leach resistant to wood,and the treating conditions of fire retardant can be used as a reference in industrial production.