玉米高产生理指标的研究

A STUDY ON THE HIGH-YIELDING PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES IN CORN

１９９１～１９９３年在哈尔滨采用四单１９号玉米杂交种，开展了不同施肥量的玉米高产生理指标的研究。结果表明，苗期冠根比０．４～０．７１∶１；全株地上部干物质积累是“Ｓ”型曲线，到乳熟期干物质积累量为最终生物产量的４６．９％～５３．８％；乳熟期叶面积指数３．２７～３．６４；三叶期～完熟期光合势２５９万ｍ￣２·ｄ￣（－１）（ｈｍ￣２）￣（－１）～２９１．７５万ｍ￣２·ｄ￣（－１）·（ｈｍ￣２）￣（－１）；拔节期净光合生产率１１．８～１３．７ｇ／ｍ￣２·ｄ；吐丝期叶绿素含量８．５％～１３．５％；拔节前期全磷含量０．３４％～０．３８％；不同施肥量籽粒灌浆强度和产量均高于对照；产量差异显著；适当的施肥量会得到较高产量和最佳经济效益。

In 1991 to 1993 a field experiment with hybrid corn of Sidan 19 was carried out in Harbin to study the physiological indices at different fertilizing levels. The main results were as follows. At seedling stage, RS ratio was 0.4～0.7∶1∶1; The curve for dry matter (DM) accumulation was s-shaped. To the milky-ripening stage. the percentage DM accomulation was 46.9%～53.8%,of the final biological yield. LAI at this phase was 3.27～3.64. The leaf area duration from 3-leaf to full-ripening stage was above 1.72×10￣5m￣2·d·mu￣(-l). The rate of photosynfhetic production at jointing was 11.8～13.7g·m￣(-2)·d￣(-1). The chlorophyll contenf at silking stage was 8.3%～13.5%. The total phosphorus at the early jointing stage was 0.34%～0.38%. The filling rate in the tertilizing treatments was higher than in the contlol. The yield was increased significantly. Proper amount of fertilizing resulted in higher weld, and thus higher economic effect.