对虾暴发性流行病及其预防研究

Studies on explosive epidemic disease of cultured prawn and its preventive

１９９３～１９９４年我国沿海养殖对虾发生了特大的暴发性流行病，损失惨重。本文报道该病的特点、症状及危害，并在患病的中国对虾、日本对虾、长毛对虾的中肠、肝胰腺的上皮细胞核和细胞质及腹肌纤维间质中发现大量具有囊膜的杆状病毒。通过病毒引起宿主靶组织细胞的病理变化、无包涵体等特性分析，认为该病毒属于有囊膜杆状病毒科Ｃ亚群，不同于已知的对虾所有杆状病毒，为对虾的一类新致病病毒。文中还分析了主要致病原因，通过调查和试验提出８条有针对性的预防措施。

In 1993/94, in the Chinese coastal waters an epidemic disease of cultured prawn broke out and caused heavy losses. In this paper. we will give an account of the characteristics, symptom, and harmfulness of the epidemic disease. A large number of enveloped baculoviruses hvae been detected in the nuclei and plasm of epithelial cells of the midgut, hepatopancreatic (midgut gland) and in the intercellular space of myofibillae for Penaeus Chinenses, P. japonicus and P. penicillatus. According to the cytopathologic changes, caused by the baculoviruses, of target tissuse cells of the prawn and without occlusion bodies, we consider that this virus belongs to the enveloped baculoviridae C group, and is different from all other baculoviruses of prawn. This is a new pathogenic vius in the prawn. On the basis of analysis of causes of the disease, investigation, and tests, 8 preventive measures for the disease are advanced.