我国动物地理学研究的前景─—方法论探讨

THE PROSPECTIVE OF ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL STUDY IN CHINA-A DISCUSSION ON METHODOLOGY

本文着重从方法论的角度探讨在新形势下我国动物地理学的前景，提出建立两类资料地图──动物学资料图（ Ｚｏｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｍａｐ）和地理学资料图（Ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｍａｐ），以比较地理学分析法（Ｃｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅ ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ），进行不同时空尺度的研究，并建议了在最近时期内应优先选择开展研究的关键性地区及其中心问题。

A quantitative approach to the end of a necessary development for the further study of zoogeography in China has been discussed methodologically. Two kinds of basic information map of zoology and geography can be produced by existing data available. They can be analysed by mapping technique Of overlapping or data inputed alternatively into a network of nature zone-landscape system in different scale according the tempral and spacial scale of the study. And, five levels of map scale have been suggested. As the data being present on a map or in a network graph of zone-landscape system of China, naturally, they can be measured further in spacial variation. The principal hypothesis is that the animal distribution and adaptation over a vast geographical territory is highly nonrandom, such as, the pattern of number of species can be justifiably referred to environmental gradients. A series of basic map of nature zone-landscape or palaeogeography can be a sound base for comparative analysis in three or four dimensions. Stimulated by the uplift of the Tibetan plateau, the formation of physical environmental Patterns in large scale of China characterized by distinct zonation and regional particularities has been implicated in the processes and the results of faunal development. Some key areas with Particular geological or palaeogeographical histories as well as the secular ecogeography have been suggested to be studied prior. These areas are: (1) the Hengduan mountains; (2) the Tibetan plateau and Himalaya; (3) the Inner-Mongo-Xinjiang arid region; (4) the Jinglin mountain range; (5) the others, such as the junction area of the five faunal regions in Minshan-Qiling range, etc: Certian hypothese for interpretation of faunal development in China proposed by previous scholers must be tested.