矮败小麦株高遗传动向研究

A Study on Genetic Trend of Plant Height of Aibai Wheat

１９９０～１９９５年５年６季试验结果，各季矮败小麦不育株高为４４．６７ｃｍ、５６．６０ｃｍ、６６．５９ｃｍ、６６．０８ｃｍ、５４．５５ｃｍ和３７．６１ｃｍ，平均６１．５７ｃｍ，仅及可育株平均数的三分之二。不育株和可育株的比数为１：０．８９、１：１．２９、１：１．１７、１：１．１５、１：１．１０和１：１．１５，平均为１：１．１４，高秆株略多，Ｘ２测定结果，除个别例外，两类单株比数符合１：１。花器特征特性如同太谷核不育小麦，未出现变异类型。环境因素可一定程度上影响不育株和可育株的高度，但不能改变二者之间的相对关系。矮败小麦矮秆性和不育性的连锁遗传是稳定的，１９９０～１９９２年３年定株测量拔节至抽穗阶段的株高，前后期高度相关，表明从拔节期开始，可以根据植株高矮预测育性。１９９３年进一步验证了早期预测育性的效果。矮败小麦后代不育株和可育株株高等性状都会分离，但株内分离仍小于株间分离，故在后代种植方式上，经一定轮选世代，部分不育株采取株行种植，有利于提高田间选择效率。用晋麦２１４８连续回交４次，可育株综合性状接近回交父本，株高趋于一致，不育株除植株较矮外，其他性状也类似父本。、０．８９３５、０．８５０１。在此基础上，?

Experiments were made in Aibai wheat for six cropping seasons during 1990～1994.The average height of sterile plants was 61.57cm,which is only two third of fertile plants’height.The proportion between sterile and fertile plants was 1:1.14.The number of taller plants was slightly more than that of the shorter,but the proportion is nearly 1:1.The environmental factors can only affect the height of the sterile of fertile plants to some extent,but can not change their relative re-lationship.So the linkage inheritance between the sterility and dwarfness is stable,The effective-ness of distinguishing the fertility in elongating stage was verified in 1990～1993;The height of both sterile and fertile plants were all segregated among their progenies of Aibai wheat,but the segregation in the progenies from a single plant was less than that from different plants.There-fore,the selection effectiveness can be improved when the plants from a sterile plant line was planted in row.Aibai wheat was backcrossed four generations consecutively by Jinmai 2146.The spike characters of sterile plant resembeits father plant but the height was short and basically iden-tical.