中低放废物陆地浅埋处置类似物──古墓葬的研究

NATURAL ANALOGUE STUDY FOR LOW-AND-INTEKRMEDIATE LkVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE SHALLOW BURIAL DISPOSAL

本文将我国古墓葬和中低放废物陆地浅埋处置在选址、工程结构、设计原理和施工方法等方面进行了类比分析。分析结果表明，我国古墓葬对中低放废物陆地浅埋处置是很好的类似物，古墓及其随葬品长期保存的完好性说明了选择适宜的场址、合理的工程结构和良好的回填材料及科学的施工方法后，中低放废物陆地浅埋处置是安全的。对我国２个墓葬回填材料的测试结果表明，古墓葬材料具有良好的抗渗性，其渗透系数为１．５×１０￣（－８）ｃｍ／ｓ，对Ｃｏ和Ｃｓ吸附能力很强，分配系数分别为１．２×１０￣４和２．１×１０￣４ｍＬ／ｇ，延迟系数分别为４．４×１０￣４和７．７×１０￣４；这些材料良好的性能保证了古墓寿命的长期性，可考虑作为中低放废物陆地浅埋处置工程中的回填材料。

The paper makes a comparison of low-and-intermediate level radioactive wasteshallow burial disposal with Chinese ancient tombs in respects of siting, engineering stuc-tures,design principle and construction procedure Results showed that Chinese ancienttombs are very good analogue for low-and-intermediate level radioactive waste shallow burialdisposal.Long-term preqervation of ancient tombs and buried objects demonstrated that low-and-intermediate level radioactive waqte shallow burial disposal would be safe if suitable siteswere seleeted,reasonable engineering strticture,and good backfill materials were adopted,and scientifie construction procedures were followted. This paper reports for the first time thetesting results of certain ancient tomb backfill materials.The results indicated that the materials have so low a permeability as 1.5×10￣(-8)cm/s.and strong adsorption to radionuclides Coand Cs with the distribution coefficients of 1.4×10￣4mL/g and 2.1×10￣4mL/g,and the retar-dation factors of 4.4 × 10￣4 and 7.7 × 10￣4 respectively.Good performance of these materials isimportant asstirance of long-term preservation of the ancient tombs. These materials may beconqidered to be used as backfill materials in low-and-intermediate level radioactive shallowbuial disposal.