早籼稻米蛋白质及氨基酸组分的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of the Protein Content and the Composition of Amino Acid in Early indica Rice

选用２０个早籼品种在早、晚两季栽培，对氨基酸组分及蛋白质含量进行遗传分析，结果表明：蛋白质含量和各种氨基酸含量及组成，除个别氨基酸外，品种间变异显著且品种间变异大于季节间变异．在这些性状中，亮氨酸、丝氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸和必需氨基酸含量有较高的遗传变异系数、遗传力和相对遗传进度，具有一定的选择利用潜力；蛋白质含量遗传力虽高，但遗传变异系数小，相对遗传进度较低，需要增进遗传资源以提高选择效率．本文还利用遗传相关通径．讨论了稻米中蛋白质的氨基酸含量和组成及蛋白质含量和赖氨酸含量的平衡，以便加速选择进程．

Twenty varieties of early indica rice grown in two sowing season were used for genetic analysis of protein content (PC) and composition of amino acid (AA). The results indicated that the varieties variations were significant and that they were large than those in the sowing season, except for a few amino acids. Among these characterictis, serine,arginine, leucine, valine and necessary amino acid (NAA) were showed to be rather high in GCV, h2 and GS%, so they were potentially valuable in selection. Though PC was higher in h2, its GCV and GS% were not high enough, so additional genetic resources should be introduced to raise its selection efficiency. By the genetic correlation and path analysis, the importance of balance between content and composition of AA, as well as, PC and trytophan in rice was also discussed, in view of speeding up the process of selection.