作物核质杂种优势理论的探讨和育种应用的初步设想──依据水稻野败型三系和杂交稻花粉育性的遗传提出

The Theory of Nucleo-cytoplasmic Heterosis in Crops and Tentative Proposals for Its Applications of Breeding──Base on the Inheritances of pollen fertilities of CMS-WA Three Lines and Hybrids in Rice

作物杂种优势可分为核核互作和核质互作两部分．细胞质基因和细胞质、细胞核基因互作对杂种优势效应的遗传机制尚不清楚．本文在综合分析国内外对水稻野败型三系和杂种Ｆ１花粉育性遗传研究的基础上提出“细胞质基因、细胞核基因互为优势效应”的概念，认为“细胞质基因、细胞核基因互为优势效应和核、质优势效应基因互作产生核、质杂种优势”．同时还提出核、质杂种优势育种应用的初步设想．

Heterosis in crops can be created by nucleo-nucleo interactions and nucleocytoplasmic interactions.It is not clear yet that the genetic mechanisms of cytoplasmic gene actions and nucleo-cytoplasmic gene actions affecting on the heterosis.In this paper,authors put forward firstly the conception of mutual superioroty of cytoplasmic and nuclear genes based on the analysis of the genetic researches done at home and abroad on pollen fertilites of wild abortive three lines and hybrids in rice,suggesting that nucleo-cytoplasmic heterosis in crops may be created by the mutual superiority of cytoplasmic and nuclear genes and heterosis caused by the interactions of cytoplasmic and nuclear superior genes. Authors also make the tentative proposals for the applications of nucleo-cytoplasmic heterosis to hybrid breeding.