岩巷定向断裂爆破新工艺

A NEW TECHNOLOGY OF DIRECTIONAL FRACTURE BLASTING IN ROCK DRIFT

采用光电量测技术，在实验室模型试验研究基础上，测定和分析了定向断裂爆破炮孔周围应力场特征，对光面爆破炮孔应力场作了分析对比，提出了相邻炮孔贯穿机理；优选了较为实用有效的定向断裂爆破方法，证实了应用于巷道生产的可行性。经大同矿务局马脊梁矿运输大巷４３个正规作业循环实践表明：在ｆ＝６～８的砂岩中掘进断面１２．３９ｍ￣２的巷道时，在现有气腿式凿岩机、耙斗式装岩机和矿车运输条件下，采用定向断裂爆破新工艺、三角复式掏槽、中深孔爆破，可以取得良好的爆破效果。周边眼痕率提高到９６％，不平整度小于１００ｍｍ，炮眼利用率达９８％，彻底解决了目前光面爆破难以达到质量指标这一问题。这一新工艺的实施，对改进光面爆破技术、提高岩巷施工速度提供了新途径。

Based on lab study of model tests, stress field characteristics around the boreholes of dlrectioval fracture blasting have been measured and analyzed using photoelectric measuring techrjiques. The penetrating me-chanism of adacent boreholes has been presented with conmparatively praticaland effective directional fracture blasting method optimized and the feasibili-ty of drift working confirmed. Practice of 43 regular operation cycles in atransportation drift at Maiiliang Mine of Datong Mining Bureau shows thatin the sandstone( f=6～8 ) drift(driving section 12.39m￣2)using the new tech-nology of directional fracture blasting triangular compound cutting and me-dium-length bole blasting can give good blasting effect under the conditionof tbe existing air-leg rock drills, scraper rock loaders and mine-car trans-portation. The circumferential hole mark ratio comes to 96%and the irregu-larity is less than 100mm, borehole utilization ratio reaching 98%. Difficul-ties with quality index for smooth blasting are solved thorouglily. Implemn-tati0n of the new technology opens up broad prospects for improving smoothblasting techniqtie and raising the construction speed of rock drifts.