坐位作业工人下背痛流行病学调查及其工效学评价

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY AND ERGONOMICAL EVALUATION OF LOWER BACK PAIN IN SEDENTARY WORKERS

选择固定坐位作业的电子行业工人１１６３名作为观察组，另选年龄、性别、工龄相近可自由变换体位的９４６名行政管理人员、宾馆服务人员作为对照组，调查结果表明：观察组人员下背痛患病率为９．８％，明显高于对照组的４．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１），且随工龄延庆升高，ＯＲ值为２．４６。某些体检指标阳性率也明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。装配、测试、准备、焊接等工种下背痛患病率明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），５１．６％患过下背痛的观察组工人认为长期坐位作业是引起下背痛初次发作的原因，提示：长时间固定坐位作业是下背痛的一个危险因素。对作业场所进行测量发现座椅和靠背的倾角、高度多不可调节，存在着不良的人机界面关系，是下背痛发生的另一重要因素。

seated workers were selected from electronic industry as exposure group and 946 administrators as control group. The epidemiological study showed that the point prevalence rate of lower back pain (LBP) in sedentary workers(9.8%) was significantly higher than that of control group (4.2%,P<0.01),The odds ratio was 2.46.The prevalence rate increased with the increase of working period in both groups. There were significant differences between exposure group and control group in some physical signs, such as spinal mobility,pressure pain point and Thomas sign. The prevalence rates of workers with different job were statistically and significantly higher than control (P<0.01).51.6% seated workers who had LBP complained that prolonged sedentary posture was the cause of the onset of LBP. It was significantly higher than that of control group (4.4%,P<0. 01). All above indicated that prolonged and fixed sedentary posture was one of the risk factors of LBP. The analyses of working condition showed that most of the chairs and backrests were unable to adjust in height and inclination. There existed adverse man-machine interface which induced musculoskeletal strain. It was another important risk factor of LBP.