有关物种概念与划分中的一些问题

OVERVIEW OF SPECIES CONCEPTS AND REMARKS ON INFRASPECIFIC CLASSIFICATION

关于物种的问题已经争论了几百年，但至今仍未达成完全一致，尤其是在物种的概念、物种的划分及物种的形成等主要方面的观点分歧较大，可说是学派林立、百家争鸣。引起这些分歧的根本原因是生物的极端多样性，当然，也与每个人的观察角度和认识水平不无关系。目前，最大的矛盾是，一方面大家竟相给物种想下一个简明而又高度概括的定义，另一方面在实际操作中，对不同生物却是各有其标准。这样就必然产生了很多不同的物种概念，甚至产生了混乱。此外，种下单元的划分，不论在标准还是术语方面，都存在很大问题，尤其是种和亚种的分类及系统关系问题过去和现在都被严重地忽视了。

AS Mayr said:'There is probably no other concept in biology that has remained so consistently controversial as the spedes concept,”Indeed,the spedes problem has puzzled biologists for a long period of time.The author Is afraid that we can never reach a general conclusion on this subject,because what we are facing Is a fairly dlverslfled living world.It Is diversity,ununlqueness,varlablllty and ntermedlateness that makes the spedes problem very knotty.