世纪之交石油加工行业面临的主要问题

Problems Facing the Petroleum Processing Industry at the Turn of the Century

世纪之交,世界及我国石油加工行业面临以下主要问题:(1)常规石油储量趋降,石油产量增长将进入停滞期;(2)原油°API降低,含硫量上升,原油质量下降,(3)在油品需求结构中,轻质馏分油的比例增大,重质燃料油需求明显下降;(4)为保护环境,油品质量标准将普遍提高。为迎接下一世纪能源问题的挑战,我国不仅需从石油加工行业,而且有必要从整个国家的能源发展规划方面研究综合对策。建议:(1)从提高原油加工深度、增加轻质油品及中间馏份收率、扩大装置规模、提高油品质量、加强科研开发等方面入手,提高我国石油加工行业的整体水平;增强国际竞争能力;(2)按地区合理规划我国能源结构,合理使用国内外两种资源、两种资金;(3)重视并加快石油替代燃料开发,尤其是天然气、洁净煤技术和新能源的开发工作,争取在2020年形成具有中国特色的石油替代燃料体系;(4)加速体制改革进程,尽早实行几(?)石油公司上下游一体化经营。

As the turn of the century approaches, the world and China's petroleum processing industry face the following important problems. (1) Conventional petroleum reserves will continue to decline, and increases in oil production will reach a plateau. (2) API specific gravity of crude will decrease while sulphur content increases, with a resulting decline in the quality of crude oil. (3) The oil products demand structure will call for an increase in the proportion of light products, with a sharp drop in demand for heavy fuel oil. (4) Oil product quality standards will be raised in order to protect the environment. In order to meet the challenges of energy supply in the next century, China must consider comprehensive measures from the perspective of both the petroleum processing industry and the overall national energy development plan. The following suggestions are raised. (1) The overall level of the petroleum processing industry must be enhanced and its competitive ability in the international market strengthened. Crude processing depth must be raised, light product and intermediate fraction yield increased, equipment scale expanded, oil product quality raised, and research and development emphasized. (2) China's energy structure should be rationally planned in the light of regional features, and rational use should be made of both foreign .and domestic resources and capital. (3) Development of alternative fuel sources should be emphasized and accelerated. In particular, natural gas and clean coal technology should be promoted and new energy sources developed. Efforts should be made to have an alternative fuel system with Chinese characteristics in place by 2020. (4) Reform of management mechanisms should be accelerated in order to implement integration of up and downstream operations among the major oil companies as soon as possible.