我国石油市场面临的挑战及应采取的对策——1994年油品市场疲软引发的思考

Challenges to China's Oil Market and Necessary Countermeasures

1994年我国油品市场疲软的直接原因是油品进口过多,而宏观调控措施、现行石油价格管理办法、消费者对石油调价的预期、投机和成品油走私活动等也对市场产生了一定影响。90年代以来,我国石油市场多次受到来自国际石油市场的冲击,这一方面是扩大对外开放、加强对外经济联系必然会出现的一种经济现象,同时也反映出我国石油市场的调控机制、石油行业的技术水平和管理水平还不能适应参与国际经济大循环的需要。为增强抵御国际市场冲击的能力,建议分阶段进行石油价格管理体制的改革,调整现行石油价格政策,建立和完善国家宏观调控体系和调控机制;提高炼油厂规模经济效益,改善油品结构,提高优质品率;适当提高油品消费税税率,筹集资金,加速石油行业的技术改造。

The depressed state of China's oil market in 1994 was a direct result of the excessive import of oil products. A number of other factors, including macro-regulatory measures, oil price management methods in force at the time, consumer expectations concerning price adjustments, speculation, and oil product smuggling activities, also nad an effect on the market. China's oil market has received repeated blows from the international market since the start of the decade. On the one hand, this economic phenomenon is inevitable when entering the international arena and increasing foreign economic connections. At the same time, it also indicates that the control mechanisms of China's oil market and the technical and managerial level of its oil industry are still not adapted to the demands of large global economic cycles. It is suggested that in order to strengthen China's ability to deal with the impact of the international market, the oil price management mechanism should be reformed in stages, current oil pricing policies adjusted, and a national macro-control system and adjustment mechanism established and perfected. Scale economic benefits to refineries should be enhanced to improve product structure and increase yield of high quality products. In addition, product consumption tax should be suitably raised in order to amass capital for accelerating technological innovations in the petroleum industry.