中国对虾摄食行为的化学感觉生理学研究──I.中国对虾寻食过程中的化学感觉

BEHAVIOR OF JUVENILE Penaeus chinensis O'SBECK

中国对虾稚虾在寻食过程中具有显著的化学感觉机能（距离化学感觉）。 天然食物（如沙蚕、小鱼）匀浆引起中国对虾寻食行为的作用明显强于单一化学物 质（包括氨基酸、有机酸、糖类和甜菜碱等）。不同天然饵料匀浆对中国对虾的诱食 性由强到弱依次为：日本沙蚕＞面条鱼＞巢沙蚕＞蛤仔＞紫贻贝。煮沸后的天然饵 料匀浆对中国对虾的诱食性显著提高。水体中的化学刺激物，基本上不影响中国对 虾对人工配合饵料的摄食率。本文还将中国对虾寻食行为中的距离化学感觉与墨 吉对虾、日本对虾、罗氏沼虾和美洲螯龙虾进行了比较。

Distance chemoreception plays an important role in the food searching behavior of Penaeus chinensis Osbeck. The shrimp tan react to chemical Stimuli at a distance of as far as 15 cm. Results show that the extracts of natural food such as marine worm and small fish are far more effective in arousing searching behavior than simple compounds such as free amino acids, organic acids, earbonhydtrates, taurine and betaine, etc.. Extracts of different natural foods have different attractiveness, marine worm>small fish> clam>mussel. The attractiveness of the extracts of natural fed increased after boiling. The introduction of betaine-HCl solution doesn't affect the feeding rate on the artificial Pellets of the shrimp.