中国鲚属4种鱼的生化和形态比较及其系统发育的研究

BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISON AND INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS OF FOUR SPECIES OF THE GENUS COILIA IN CHINA

自1989年4月—1990年5月，在上海的崇明、江苏的无锡和高淳、福建的海澄采集标本。对我国鲚属4种鱼（6个生态型）进行生化和形态解剖比较分析，探讨每种鱼生长在不同环境中各生态型的系统发育及亲缘关系；并运用系统分支学原理和方法，试绘出系统分支图解。结果表明，我国鲚属4种鱼分为两大姐妹群；一群为凤鲚和七丝鲚，另一群为刀鲚和短颔鲚；并综合分析生化和形态解剖资料，把生长在长江中的凤鲚和生长在九龙江中的凤鲚分为2个不同亚种：凤鲚CoiliamystusmystusLinnaeus为指名亚种和九龙江凤鲚Coiliamystusjiulongjiangensissubsp.nov．为新亚种。

From April in 1989 to May in 1990, specimens of Coilia nasut were collectedin Chongming County, Shanghai City and Wuxi County, Jiangsu Province; specimensof C. mystus and C.grayii were collected in Haideng Town, Fujian Province; C.brachygnathus (not fresh) were collected in Gaochun County,Jiangsu Province.Theelectrophoretic pattern characteristics of LDH isozymes, ES isozymes and myogensof three specics (five ecological patterns) of Coilia fishes were studied.Their rela-tionships are discussed internal and external morphological characters are compared,and their interrelations are discussed.The results of the studies are as follows: Thebiochemistry of the four species (six ecological patterns) of Coilia fishes showsthey are identical with species in the old classification.Comparison of biochemical and morphological characters yielded a cladistic sys-tematics diagram of four spcies (six ecological patterns) of Coilia fisher dividedwere sister groups, of C. nasus and C. brachygnathus, and of C. mystus and C.grayii.Biochemical and morphological evidence showed that C. mystus in the ChangjiangRiver and Jiulongjiang River are two subspecies, C. mystus mystus Linnaeus andC. myttus mystut Jiulong iiangensis subsp. nov., but C. nasus in the Changjiang Riverand in Taihu Lake may be of two ecological patterns.