中国对虾血细胞及其免疫研究

STUDIES ON HAEMOCYTES AND CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN PRAWN PENAEUS CHINENSIS

于1991年3月1992年4月在青岛近海及一养虾场捕集中国对虾亲虾和越冬亲虾，以扫描电镜和透射电镜观察中国对虾的血细胞形态及其亚显微结构；研究定量测定细胞吞噬活性的方法。结果表明，中国对虾血细胞分3种：无颗粒细胞，呈球形或按形，胞质不含颗粒；小颗粒细胞及颗粒细胞，卵球形或椭球形，胞质含有电子致密颗粒，颗粒可分均匀、非均匀的；小颗粒细胞胞质富含线粒体，可能与它对异物敏感易发生胞吐作用有关，该细胞是识别外源异物的关键细胞。可以观察到高尔基器，它可能与酶原颗粒的形成有关。还表明姬姆萨染色细胞为紫红色，细胞核与颗粒染色较深，呈蓝紫色，与人白细胞中的粒细胞染色结果相近，这或许与两者功能相似有关。应用医学上的化学发光法定量测定中国对虾血细胞的吞噬活性，加入脂多糖及弧菌是液的血细胞的发光值较只加茵液未加脂多糖的血细胞和对照组的发光值高。实验表明，脂多糖（＜10g／ml）对中国对虾血细胞的吞噬活性具有激活加强作用。本研究的测定方法，可为监测对虾免疫机能的强弱提供定量指标。

This paper reports studies on the morphology, submicroscopic structure and thequantitive method of testing phagocytic activity of P. chinensis collected in Qingdaocoast from March 1991 to April 1992.Results showed that P. chinensis has three distinct populations of circulatinghaemocytes: hyaline cells, semigranu1ar cells, and granular cells; the hyaline cells areround without cytoplasmic granules inside; the semigranulsr cells and the granularcel1s are ovold or ellipsoid and contain cytoplasmic granules; the semigranular cellsplay critical roles in recognizing foreigs objects and have plenty of mitochondria,which is perhaps related to their sensitivity to foreign particles and easy degranula-tion. Golgi apparatus probably associated with the forming of granules can be seenin the granular cells.Gimesa stain results showed that the above three kinds of cells were purplishred, and the nuclei and granules were much deeper, purplish blue, and their beingsimilar to human granular cells. That indicates they have similar functions in hostdefence reactions.The Luminol-enhanced-chemiluminescen (CL) method widely applied in stu-dying phagocytosis kinetics wasused to test phagocytic activity of haemocytes quan-titively. The result of CL response, counts per minute (cpm), can be read from aBeckman scintillation counter. The cpm of the haemocytes mixed with lipopolysac-charide (LPS) and Vibrio suspension were higher than the cpm of haemocyteswith only Vibrio suspension and the cpm of the conttol. It is suggested that LPScan stimulate and enhance the phagocytosis bf blood cells in P. chinensis. Zymosaninduced wear phagocytosis. This method can give quantitve criterion to monitor theimmune function of prawns and will have many applications in aquaculture.