CRT显示器屏显字符色选配的工效学研究

An Ergonomical study on choice-Match of character colors on CRT Display

解决在ＣＲＴ显示器屏幕的同一背景色上同时显示两种以上不同颜色字符时的多种字符色的选配问题。ＣＲＴ显示器的亮度和对比度调节旋钮设置在提供适当屏面亮度和对比度的位置上，并在所有实验中固定不变。各种颜色的字符单个显示或同时显示在每一背景色上。字符为认知难度相同的汉字。实验得到以下主要结果：（１）确定了１０种字符色（红、橙、黄、绿、青、兰、紫、白、灰和黑）在８种背景色（红、橙、绿、青、兰、紫、灰和黑）的每一种上显示时的字符认知难易排序和认知的优、良、中、差、劣等级；（２）确定了８种背景色对每种颜色字符的认知难易排序和认知的优、良、中、差、劣等级；（３）当字符单个显示时，字符色和背景色互换影响字符的认知，当较亮的颜色为背景色时，字符的认知一般较难；（４）白色和黄色是８种背景色普遍适用的最佳字符色。

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of choice-match of more than two differ-ent character colors when they are simultaneously presented on the screen of CRT display with a cer-tain background color。 The brightness and the contrast of CRT display were set properiy and were fixed in all experiments。Different color characters were singly or simultaneously presented on each background color。chinese characters with equal degree of cognitive difticulty were used.The main re-sults obtained were as follows:(1)the difficulty,easiness order of cognizance and 5 cognitive grades(excellent,good,medium,bad and ioferior)of 10 character colors(red, orange, yellow, green,cyan,blue,violet,white,gray and biack) presented on each of 8 hackground colors(red, orange,green,blue,cyan,vioiet,grey and black) of CRT dispiay were detemllned;(2)the difficuity-easi-ness order of coguizance and the 5 cognitive grades of 8 background colors for the cognizance of each color character were determined;(3)character cognizance was infiuenced by exchange of hackground coior with the character coior when the character was presented singly。Generally,the character is more difficult to cognize when the backgtound color is brighter;(4) white and yellow are the optimal character coiors adapted generally to each of 8 background colors。