γ射线辐照小麦杂种的亲本组配研究

PARENTAL COMBINAIION OF WHEAT HYERIDS IRRADIATED WITH γ-RAY

本试验用１１个系本组配３６个杂交组合（１８对正反交），研究了γ射线辐照的诱变效果。结果发现，辐照冬、春小麦杂种诱变效果大于辐照春小麦杂种；外地亲本的细胞质辐射敏感性似乎略高于当地亲本，辐照使某些杂种后代株高与籽粒饱满度单相关系数显著降低。综合分析辐照杂种育成的新春２号、新春３号，以及未经辐照的杂种育成超高产品种新春６号的育种资料，认为小麦常规杂交育种亲本选配的基本原则大体适用于辐照杂种育种。辐照亲本间生态类型差异较大、亲缘关系较远的杂种，诱变效果较明显。耐旱性主要由细胞核基因遗传。以在新疆适应性较好的外地亲本与本地亲本杂交种子作诱变原材料，育种成功的希望较大。并提出辐照杂种育种与常规杂交育种应当取长补短，同步并进。

The research on mutagenic effects of 36 cross combinations(18 pair of reciprocal cross-es)from 11 parental lines was carried out.The seeds of F1 hybrids were irradiated wlth γ-ray.8 agronomlc traits of F2M2 and F2 plants were investigated.The results showed that mu-tagenic effects of irradiated winter-spring wheat hybrids were greater than those of irradiat-ed spring wheat hybrids; the cytoplasm of adventive lines seemed more sensitive to the irradi-ation than that of local ones;the irradiation could significantly reduce slngle correlation co-efficients between plant heights and grain plumpness of progeny of some crosses.Analysis onbreeding data showed that fundamentals of parent selection of routine cross breeding alsosuited to the breeding of irradiated hybrids.The greater the differences among the parents ofhybrids were,the more significant mutagenic effects might be obtained.It was suggested touse the seeds of the hybrids from the cross of new varieties and the local lines as an irradia-tion materials.