远距离准直方法探讨

Research of the collimating Methods at Long Distance

准直是指保证光学轴线间的平行,或光学轴线与基面垂直的测量过程,常用于火箭发射时的瞄准和重型机械制造中平行度、垂直度等几何要求的测量。本文论述了平行光准直法、平行光自准直法、投射法、瞄标记准直法、光电法等远距离准直方法,并分析了其原理、特点、应用、测量精度及其发展趋势。

Collimation is the measuring process to make sure that the parallelism between optical axes, or the verticality of the optical axis with the plane of datum. It is generally used to aim the object plane when missile is launched, and measuring geometrical requirement, such as parallelism or verticality, at the heavy machine plant. In this paper, many collimation methods at the long distance, such as parallel light collimation, parallel light autocollimation, optical projection, mark image aiming and photoelectric, are described. Their principle, characteristics, application, measuring accuracy and development tendency are analyzed.