马铃薯无毒微型核心种薯生产技术的研究

Study on Production Technique of Virus-free Potato Mini-tubers

利用液体培养基（ＭＳ＋２％食用白糖）繁殖马铃薯脱毒苗。将脱毒试管苗栽植在蛭石粉作基质的防虫网室内，与以土为基质相比，小苗成活率高、单株结薯数多，是土栽苗的３倍，显著降低成本。用含有５．０毫克／升６—苄基嘌呤（ＢＡＰ）、８％食用白糖的液体培养基处理马铃薯脱毒试管苗，在黑暗或弱光照条件下１８～２０℃时，每管４个茎段产试管薯—超级微型核心种薯４．８个，平均单薯重９０毫克。从切段培养到小薯收获共需９～１０周。此方法诱导结薯时间短，繁殖倍数高，成本低。研究发现，诱导试管结薯时完全可用白糖代替试剂蔗糖，５０毫克／升ＢＡＰ诱导试管薯形成效果最佳，弱光条件下形成的小薯无休眠期，可直接用于生产。

Liquid medium (Ms+edidle sugar 20%) was used for the multiplication of theVirus-free potato plantlets. The virus-free in vitro plantlets were transplanted in the vermiculite powder as medium in the net house. Comparing to the soil medium, the survivalrate of transplanted plantlets was higher than that in soil medium and the number of tubersper single plant was more by two times than in soil medium. The production cost was reduced obviously. Virus-free potato plantlets were cultured on the liquid medium (6-BAsmg/1+edible sugar 8%) under conditions of dark or weak light and temperature of 18～20℃ 4. 8 minitubers were produced per vitro with 4 cuttings. The weight per tuberlet was90 mg. The production period of in vitro tubers from cuttings was 9～10 weeks. The periodof inducing tuberization was shortened by using this method,the multiplication rate was highand the cost was low. The result of this study indicated that edible sugar can be used insteadof sucrose. 6-BA dmg/l was the best effective element on induced tuberization in vitro. Thetubers formed in vitro under weak light condition had not dormant period and can be used forproduction directly.