猕猴桃雄性品种选育和栽培利用的探讨

STUDY ON SELECTION AND UTILIZATION OF MALE CULTIVAR OF ACTINIDIA

本文对雄性品种选育进行了连续三年的探索研究,选育出与美味猕猴桃〔Actinidia deliciosa(A.Chev.)C.F.Liang et A.R.Ferguson〕雌性良种‘东山峰78-16’、‘东山峰79-09’适配的雄性良种‘湘峰83-06’、‘湘峰83-11’以及与中华猕猴桃〔Actinidia chinensis Planch.〕雌性良种‘庐山79-2’等适配的雄性良种‘岳-3’、‘岳-9’。通过雄性品种选育的实践,认为直接从野生资源或人工播种的自然实生雄株群体中选育优良雄株是快速有效的雄株选育方法;提出了雄性品种选育的主要内容和可能达到的各项目标;强调雌、雄花期一致是雄株选育的先决条件,授粉试验则是最终验证和筛选出最佳雌雄组合的重要环节。建议对某些具有综合优良性状,但目前尚无适配雌性系而暂未入选的雄株,应作为种质资源认真保护。此外,为增加果园中雄株的开花量和减少雄株在架面上占据的空间,建议雄株的冬季修剪量应比雌株轻,修剪时期主要在谢花后立即进行,以培养来年良好的开花母枝。

Basing on work of female cultivar selection, the authors have been searching for superior quality male cultivars in the last few years(1983-1985), and have selected out 4 male cultivars. They are 'XF 83-06', 'XF 83-11', 'Y-3'and 'Y-9'.The former two are suitable for female cultivars'DSF 78-16' and 'DSF 79-09' (A. deliciosa ( A. Chev. ) C.F.Li-ang et A. R. Ferguson ) and the later two are suitable for 'LS 79-2'. Through the practice of male cultivar selection, the authors think that it is a fast and effective way to select superior quality male cultivars directly from wild resources and the population of sowed male seedlings. The main contents and posible aims of male cultivar selection are su-ggested.The same flowering time of female and male plants is criticlly required. The best female-male combination should be determined fi-nally by artificial pollination test. Those male plants which have fine comprehensive characteristics should be protected as germplasrn resburces, even though they have not been selected because there have not been proper female clones temporarily. Moreover,pruning of male plants in winter should be lighter than doing to female to increase the number of male flowers and decrease the spaces occupied by male plants on hed-gerow. It is suggested that male plants should be pruned immediately alter flower drop to obtain fine flowering mother canes for coming year.