中国濒危淡水鱼类致危成因分析

ON THE CAUSES OF ENDANGERED FRESHWATER FISHES IN CHINA

中国1000多种淡水鱼类因受水工建设、围湖造田、乱伐滥垦等改变和破坏水域环境、酷渔滥捕、水体污染、不合理引种、法制不全及执法不力等原因导致部分鱼类濒危。初步确定为92种,分属9目、24科、78属,根据程度分成四个等级,绝灭4种、稀有23种、濒危28种、渐危37种。

The present situation of endangered freshwater fishes in China are described and the causes analyzed. More than 1000 species of freshwater fishes are precious biological resources in inland water system of China, among which there are a great number of endemic and precious groups, and a lot of monotypic genera and monotypic species. Recently, owing to the synthetic effects of natural and human beings' disturbances, many of these fishes have gradually become endangered. The main causes are ascribed to the despoilment or the changes of water environment, excessive fishery, water pollution, unapt artificial immigration, incomplete law system and less-restricted execution etc. The preliminary statistical result indicates that 92 species are endangered fishes and account for 10% of the total freshwater fishes in China. Fishes in endangered degree can be further divided into 4 categories: extinct, 4 species; rare, 23; endangered, 28; vulnerable, 37, which belong to 9 orders, 24 families and 78 genera. For the purpose of protecting the biodiversity of fishes, it is necessary to analyse these causes clearly. This paper could be used as a scientific reference for further studies on the precious endemic freshwater fishes in China.