论中国半精养水库渔业及其饲料问题

SEMI-INTENSIVE RESERVOIR FISHERIES AND THEIR SUPPLEMENTAL FEED IN CHINA

中国水库放养鱼的种类、食性以及可利用的天然饵料生物决定了半精养渔业是水库渔业的主要模式。水库半精养有中、小型水库、水库库汊、网拦、网围、网箱养鱼等多种形式。其产量与肥料、饲料的投入有直接关系。最大限度地利用天然饵料,并辅以补充性人工饲料,可实现高产高效。本文以水库鱼类的营养和饲料利用为基础,论述半精养水库渔业的理论和实用技术,并提出尚须研究的问题,以推进半精养水库渔业的发展。

Reservoir fisheries in China have been subjected to a shift from the natural recruitment fisheries depending totall on natural resources to the artificial farming with varying extent of intensification. However, the species and feeding habits of farm fish for reservoir fisheries, as well as the availability of natural food organisms suggest that semi-intensive fisheries are the backbone of reservoir fisheries in China. Middle- and small-sized reservoir, cove, and net enclosure are the main forms of semi-intensive reservoir fisheries in China. Fish yield of these culture systems is directly related to manure and feed input. The high yield and high profitability are realized by the maximal utilization of natural food organisms and supplemental feed. The nutritional basis and practical technology of semi-intensive fisheries have been discussed, and the future research efforts on supplemental feed development in semi-intensive system also mentioned.