对喜马拉雅-滇-缅-泰-马地区石炭纪冰川性质的探讨

A DISCUSSION ON THE CARBONIFEROUS GLACIAL PROPERTY IN THE REGION OF HIMALAYAN—YUNNAN—BURMA—THAILAND—MALAYSIA

石炭二叠纪冈瓦纳冰川,由于冰川遗迹分布广,冰碛物厚度大,一向公认为是大陆冰川的典型代表。对位于组成冈瓦纳大陆的半岛印度周围的喜马拉雅地区(包括印巴北缘、尼泊尔、锡金、不丹、中国的西藏)、滇西和缅甸、泰国、马来亚的该时代的冰川沉积物就理所当然的被认为是冈瓦纳大陆冰川的冰架或冰海沉积物。对此,尚未见有文章提出过异疑。笔者通过对上述地区冰川遗迹资料的综合研究和对滇西石炭纪冰川沉积物及其形成环境的实地调查观察,认为喜马拉雅、滇、缅、泰、马地区的石炭纪冰川可能是源自古喜马拉雅山—古高黎贡山—古缅泰山脉的山岳冰川,而不是源自冈瓦纳大陆冰川。本文提出理由,以供争鸣。

The author considers that the Carboniferous glcial sediments in the region of Himalayan--Yunnan--Burma--Thailand--Malaysia were not the products from the Gondwana continental glaciers but the products of mountain ones through comprehensive analyses of information known and exploration for many times in W Yunnan, and further demonstrates that it was the range of paleo-Himalayan--paleo-Gaoligongshan--paleo-Thai-Burma mountain that caused those mountain glaciers in the region to be formed. It is also suggested that the Gondwana continental glaciers were mainly developed in the Sackmaer stage of early Lower Permian and the Carboniferous glacial activities in Gondwana related to the mountain glaciers largely restricted in the paleocontinental marge.