芝麻基因雄性不育系的研究

Studies on the Genetic Male Sterile in Sesame

通过群体改良对芝麻雄性不育原始材料进行基因重组，产生了大量优秀变异。用系内连续姊妹交、回交等手段育成了综合农艺性状良好、不育度为９９％以上、不育株率稳定在５０％左右、可供杂交种生产应用的ｍｓ８６－１不育系。形态学研究证明，所选不育系雄蕊败育彻底，雌蕊发育正常，具有正常的结籽能力；小孢子败育发生在四分体后的无液泡小孢子期；雄性不育性具有良好的环境稳定性。根据初步的遗传分析推测，不育性可能不是受单隐性基因控制，而至少涉及两个基因位点。在不育系内连续进行姊妹交可提高不育株出现频率。用不育系配制的杂交种豫芝９号（ｍｓ８６－１×Ｄａｎｂａｃｋｇｇａｅ）已在生产上推广应用。

Gene recombination was conducted in initial stocks of male sterile sesame (Sesamum indicum L. ) by population approvement. Many excellent variants appeared in the population. A male sterile line(ms86-1), which have good synthetical agronomic characteristics, 100per cent of sterility and 50 per cent of the frequency of the male sterile plant was bred through successive sibcrossing and back crossing. The male sterile line can be used in hybrid seed production. Studies on morphology proved that the male abortion is complete and the female fertility is normal. The microspore of GMS aborted at the early nonvacuolate microspore stage. The male sterility is very stable in environments. According to the primary hereditary analysis, the sterility may be controlled by two gene allels. The segregating ratio of male sterile plant increased by successive sib-crossing. The hybrid Yuzhi 9(ms86-1 ×Danbackggae) has already been used in production.