穗分枝性状导入普通小麦的遗传研究

Genetics Study on Common Wheat with Branched Spike Transferred from Triticum turgidum Compositum

李丕皋等将圆锥小麦的穗分枝特性导入普通小麦并选育出超高产穗分枝小麦新品系分３３。通过对分３３进行细胞学鉴定和对其穗分枝特性的遗传研究，结果表明：分３３的基本核型及带型均为普通小麦型，为一普通小麦新品系；分３３的穗分枝特性源于分枝型的圆锥小麦；分３３小麦新品系在不同的生态条件下虽然穗分枝性状表达的程度不同，但均具穗分枝特性，且与分枝型圆锥小麦的遗传稳定性相似，在普通小麦背景下穗分枝性状的表达受两对隐性基因的控制，并可能受到一些修饰基因的影响。

Branched Spike 33 (BS33) with supernumerary spikelets has been selected from interspecies hybridization of Triticum turgidum × Triticum aestivum , which is the first branched spike variety in the world. In this paper, BS33's cytology and inheritance of BS genes were studied. The main results are as follows: (1 ) BS33's karyotype and C-banding pattern are of common wheat. (2)Branched spike character was derived from Triticum turgidum (3 ) Stability of branched spike character of BS33 is similar with Triticum turgidum in different cultivative environments. (4) Branched spike character is controlled by two recessive genes and maybe affected by some modifying genes.