量子力学基本方程的剖析

ANALYSIS ON THE BASIC EQUATIONS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS

本文用描述宏观粒子状态与描述微观粒了状态的类比法引入波函数，使人们感到引入波函数的必要性。并对量子力学基本方程进行剖析，从而清楚地阐明了薛定锷方程确实能反映微观粒子状态变化所遵循的规律，以便引导人们深入理解。剖析要点如下：（１）方程必需从复数表示式出发；（２）方程必须满足线性的要求；（３）必须满足物质波本身的属性；（４）该方程需满足一般情况，而不是满足Ｅ，Ｐ的特殊性；（５）该方程应是波函数对时间的一阶微商。

In this essay.the wave function is introduced by analogy , which makes a compari-son between the methods describing macroparticles states and describing microparticles state,so the students could know the necessity of introducing it. Analysing the basic equations of quantum mechanics shows clearly that the Schodinger-Equations do reflect the rules which the changingstates of microparticles must obey,these lead the students understanding deeply.The main pointsof analysis are as following :(1)The equations must be derived from complex number expressions(2)The equations must be linea(3)The equations must satisfy the attributes of the substantial wave.(4)The equations must fit for general conditions,not especially for the E or P.(5)The e-quations should be the first derivative of the wave functions with respect to the time variable.