提高聚氯乙烯与丁苯橡胶共混相容性的研究

STUDIES ON IMPROVING THE COMPATIBILITY OF PVC/SBR BLENDS

通过加入各种增容剂（Ｃｏｍｐａｔｉｂｉｌｉｚｅｒ）和采用粉末丁苯橡胶（ＰＳＢＲ）及经接枝、交联改性的粉末丁苯橡胶（ＰＭＳＢＲ），研究了提高聚氯乙烯／丁苯橡胶（ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ）共混相容性的途径。物理机械性能测试结果表明：五种增容剂对软质ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混物的改性效果以粉末丁腈Ｐ８３和丁腈－２６（ＮＢＲ－２６）最佳；粉末橡胶对ＰＶＣ的改性效果优于块状橡胶，ＰＭＳＢＲ对软质ＰＶＣ的改性效果优于以ＮＢＲ－２６作增容剂的块状ＳＢＲ和ＰＳＢＲ；用不同改性方法制得的四种ＰＭＳＢＲ中，以多层乳液接枝改性的ＰＭＳＢＲ－４对ＰＶＣ的改性效果最佳，用它改性硬质ＰＶＣ的缺口抗冲击强度和软质ＰＶＣ的耐寒性，效果皆超过粉末丁腈Ｐ８３。扫描电镜、透射电镜和动态力学谱分析表明：ＰＶＣ／ＰＭＳＢＲ－４共混材料呈良好的韧性断裂，橡胶粒子分散较均匀，相界面模糊，低温Ｔｇ升高。

Improvement of the compatibility of PVC/SBR blends was investigated by addition of different compatibilizers and use of powdered SBR(PSBR) and powdered modified SBR (PMSBR).The results indicate that the Taodification effect of powdered butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber P83 and NBR- 26 is optimum in the five compatibilizers.The powdered rubbers are superior to block rubbers for modification of PVC, and PMSBRS are superior to PSBR and block SBR containning NBR-26 as a compatibilizer for modification of soft PVC.In the four PMSBRS obtained through different modification methods,PMSBR-4 prepared by multilayer latex graft method is optimum for modification of PVC.The improvement of impact strength for rigid PVC and cold resistance for soft PVC is better than that of P83.The results of SEM, TEM and DMA show that PVC/PMSBR -4 blends have the characteristic of tough fracture. The dispersion of particles is good,the interphase is blurry,and Tg,in lower temperature increases,indicating that compatibility of PVC/SBR improves remarkably.