世界古典文明兴衰与地理环境变迁

ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE VICISSITUDE OF CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION OF THE WORLD AND THE CHANGE OF GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT

遵循人文－社会科学与自然科学综合研究的原则，引进最近２０ａ来环境变迁科学研究的最新成果。提出了解释世界古典文明时－空运动规律的＂地理环境变迁论＂．该理论是对以英国著名学者Ａ．Ｊ．汤因比为代表的关于文明兴衰的＂逆境论＂（即挑战论）等传统理论的挑战．

This paper has advanced n the theory of geographical environmentchanges' interpreting the movement rule of the classical civilization of the world intime and space. In the period of' Optimum Climate' [7500～2500 years before present (yr. B. P. )] with the readjusting of the planetary wind system the subtropicalhigh pressure zone of the Northern Hemisphere migrated toward north. Thus, theAsian--African monsoonal power had been strengthen and in the most part between20,￣40'N the precipitation increased, the climate changed into more humid. In thisfavourable condition the agriculture originated, the classical civilization rosed andthereby forming the' mid-low latitudes civilization zone in the Northern Hemisphere'. From 2500 yr. B. P. the climate changed to drier and cooler. The subtropical high pressure zone regressed to the previous position because of the readjusting of planetary wind systen again. Thus, the Asian-African monsoonal powerdeclined and the past civilization zone turned into desert zone. In this advers circumstance the majority of classical civilizations disappeared in the desert except theHuaxia Civilization. As Chinese geographical environment possessed the 'protectiveresponse mechanism' the Huaxia Civilization may has been developing continuouslly. According to the symmetry between the Northern-Southern Hemisphere we canexplore the ancient civilization in the Southern Hemisphere especially in the Australia.