盐湖资源的开发和综合利用技术

Chemical Technology for Exploitation and Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources in China

中国是世界上盐湖资源最丰富的国家之一，钾、钠、锂、镁资源储量巨大。随着我国国民经济特别是农业的持续发展，要以钾为龙头，注重资源的综合利用，加快盐湖资源的开发。本文评述了我国盐湖资源的特点、开发现状和现阶段盐湖资源开发和综合利用中有代表性的化工技术：冷结晶法生产氯化钾、从盐湖资源制取硫酸钾、卤水中锂的分离提取、水氯镁石脱水和热解技术以及盐湖资源的深加工和高值化。

China is one of the most rich country in salt lake resources and the recoverablereserves of potassium,sodium,lithium and magnesium are very huge.As the development ofnational economy,especially agriculture,we should make large efforts in developing the indus-try of potassium fertilizer,utilize comprehensively the various valuble elements and furtherspeed up the exploitation of salt lake resources.This paper briefly reviews the characteristics,exploitirig situation and several ongoing chemical techniques in utilizing comprehensively saltlake resources,including the production of potassium chloride by cold crystalization,produc-tion of potassium sulfate from salt lake resources,separation and extraction of lithium frombrine,dehydration and pyrolysis of bischofite,deep processing and value-added increasementof salt lake resources.