固定床反应器──科学、技术和艺术

Fixed-bed Reactor Science,Technology and Art

本文是关于固定床反应器现状及可能发展的综述。作为一种传统的反应器，固定床反应器在模型理论上已相当完善。但是由于模型和模型参数的不确定性，要通过模型化来实现优化操作几乎是不可能的。因而从科学方法的观点提出了基于状态估计和参数估计的动态优化方法。固定床反应器的一种可能发展趋势是与有关的一种（或几种）技术结合，最有可能的是与膜技术结合或与催化剂设计技术结合，实现反应—分离的综合目标。最后，本文叙述了组合已有的化学工程的原理和技术，使固定床反应器在降低能耗、提高收率等方面取得的进展。

This paper deals with the state-of-the-art development of the fixed-bed reactor anddiscusses the possible progress to be made in the future.As a traditional reactor,the fixed-bed canbe seen quite satisfactory as far as its model theory it seif is concerned.However,it is almost impossi-ble to optimize the reactor based on the models since obvious uncertainty is involved in the modelstructure and model parameters.Therefore,from scientific methodology point of view,the dynamicoptimization,relled on state and parameter estimation,is discussed.A possible tendency is to updatefixed-bed reactors by taking ad vantage of some related technologies,such as inorganic membraneand catalyst design,in order to realize reaction-separation combination. Finally,this paper empha-sizes the importance of combining the existing theories and principles,to make the fixed-bed reactorwith low energy consumption and high yield