用黑麦幼苗法测定土壤中污染元素的生物有效性

DETERMINATION OF THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF POLLUTANTS IN SOILS USING THE RYE SEEDLING METHOD

本文对全国污灌区12个土样中Cd形态与生物有效性的试验表明:Cd的交换态、吸附态、有机结合态均有效,且有机结合态最为有效.对紫阳县富硒土壤的试验表明:黑麦幼苗中的总Se量与 0. 1mol/1 KH_2PO_4的浸提量最为相关,从而推荐该法为酸性土壤有效Se的浸提方法.对西安污水厂污水污泥在(土娄)土上不同施用量的试验表明:幼苗中N,P随施用量增加而增加,N.P的有效率分别为50—70%及15—28%;黑麦幼苗中的Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr和Ni含量均随污泥用量增加而增加,但总量都很小,在石灰性土壤上的有效率小于1%.从以上试验,说明黑麦幼苗法可以应用于土壤污染化学中,值得进一步研究.

The trial of the forms of Cd of 12 sewage irrigation soil samples and their bioavailability showed that the exchangeable form, adsorbed form, and the organically bound form of Cd were available. The trial of rich Se soil in Ziyang County showed that the total amount of Se in the rye seedling was the most interrelated to the extractive amount using 0. lmol/1 KH2PO4 solution, and this process was recommended as the method for determining the bioavailability of Se in acid soil. The trial with different rate of sludge applying to the Lou Soil showed that the amount of N and P in seedling was increased with increasing the rate of sludge, the bioavailable rates of N and P were 50-70% &. 15-28% ,respectively,and the contents of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr and Ni in seedlings were all increased with raising the rate of sludge. However, the total quantity was very small, the bioavailable rate in lime soil was less than 1 %, These explorations illustrated that the Neubauer method can be used in pollution chemistry of soil, and thus it is worth studying further.