我国不同类型稀土矿区环境卫生学调查──矿区农民自然生活环境和头发中稀土水平

Hygienic Investigation of Different Rare Earth(RE) Mining Areas in China: RE Levels of Farmer's Natural Living Environment and Head Hair

对我国有代表性的３种类型稀土矿区内农民自然生活环境（耕地土壤、饮用井水、天然植物和植物性食物）和头发中稀土含量进行了卫生学调查研究，初步了解了其稀土暴露、吸收和蓄积水平。结果表明：稀土矿区内，除耕地土壤中稀土含量（６８０—１２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）明显高于对照地区、某些天然植物有富积稀土（１６．８—５７．２μｇ／ｇ）的能力外，浅井水（２．６—２１．０μｇ／Ｌ）、粮食＜（０．０５—３．１５μｇ／ｇ）和蔬菜（０．０６—１．８２μｇ／ｇ）中稀土含量仅是稍高于对照地区趋势；矿区农民平均每人每日稀土经日摄入量估计值〔（４９８．３—１７０８．１μｇ／（ｄ·人）］与相应对照点基本一致；仅江西轻稀土矿观察点［（６５９．４μｇ／（ｄ·人）］稍高于对照点［４９８．３μｇ／（ｄ·人）］。江西２矿区内农民发中稀土含量（０．５３—１５．０２μｇ／ｇ）均显著高于本地区对照点以及山东稀土矿区内农民发稀土水平（＜０．２０—１．１２μｇ／ｇ，Ｐ＜０．０５），并接近或超过山东稀土矿矿工水平（０．４３—８．７６μｇ／ｇ，Ｐ＜０．０５），但其平均每人每日稀土经日摄入量明显低于山东矿区农民摄入水平［１７０８．ｌμｇ／（ｄ·人）］。江西离子吸附型稀土矿区内?

n order to get a preliminary estimation of RE exposure and absorption(or accumulation) levels of inhabitants living in RE mining areas, RE contents of natural environment (including soil of cultivated land, well water, natural plants,vegetables and cereals) and head hair of farmer's living in three representative RE mining areas in China were examined. All samples were analyzed for RE content by spectrophotometric method.Results show that RE levels of soil samples from RE mining areas(680-1200 mg/kg) were obviously higher than those from control areas. Some natural plants are capable of accumulating RE(16.8-57.2μg/g). However, RE levels of shallow well water(2. 6-21.0μg/g), cereals(0.05-3.15μg/g) and fresh vegetables(0. 06-1. 82 g/g) from RE mining areas had only a trend of slight increase. The estimated amount of average daily RE intake person(REEADI) (554. 1-1708. 1μg/d. person) of farmer's in RE mining areas were almost the same as those of farmer's in control areas, but RE EADI of farmer's of the two RE mining areas of southern China(554. 4-659.4μg/d. person)were lower than that of the RE mining area of northern China(1708. 1μg/d. person). On the contrast, RE levels of head hair samples from RE mining areas of southern China(0.53-15.02 μg/g) were significantly higher than those of samples from control areas, and also markedly higher than those(0. 20-1. 12μg/g) from RE mining area of northern China. Reasons leading to the differences in head hair RE contents among these mining areas were discussed. Hypothesis and suggestions were made. It was concluded that RE exposure and/or absorption levels of farmer's living in the two RE mining areas of southern China were markedly increased. They should be regarded as RE highly exposed groups.