微生物净化回收核工业废水中钚－239的研究

Microbial Purification and Recovery of Pu-239 from Nuclear industrial Wastewater

从核工业含钚废水中分离、筛选了１３株菌，观测了它们对钚－２３９的富集能力，从中获得了１株高效富集２３９的ＯＲ菌，将ＯＲ菌与酿酒酵母、脱硫弧菌、放线菌和从美国购进的少根霉比较，ＯＲ菌对２３９Ｐｕ富集力最高，ＯＲ菌富集’２３９Ｐｕ．的最佳条件是：ｐＨ６，３０℃．每ｍｌ溶液加入０．０５ｇ湿菌．作用５ｍｉｎ，可去除９９％的２３９Ｐｕ。用０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＨＣＯ３解吸２次，可回收９７％的２３９Ｐｕ。用α－能谱仪检测了ＯＲ菌体存在２３９Ｐｕ，结合扫描和透射电镜分析，ＯＲ菌对２３９Ｐｕ的吸附主要是细胞壁的表面吸附和絮凝作用，用Ｃ厂含２３９Ｐｕ的废水验证了最佳净化条件，对２３９Ｐｕ净化率为９９％，回收率为９５％。

From Pn--containing wastewater from nuclear industry, 13 strains of bacteria were isolated andscreened out, and observed for their abilities ofenriching Pn--239. One of them, called strainOR, was found to be one which can efficiently accumulate Pn--239 and to have the highest capacityof accumulating Pn--239 as compared toDesulphonibrio sp., S. cvrevisliae, Actionmycetessp., and Rhizopus sp.. The optimum conditionsunder which strain OR can efficiently accumulatePn--239 were PH6, 30℃, and a dosage of 0. 05 gwet culture per ml of solution to be treated. Under these conditions, a Pn--339 removal of 99%was given by reacting for 5 min. and up to '97 %of Pn--239 were recovered by desorbbing 2 timeswith 0. 5 mol/L of NaHCO3. Alpha--energy'.spectrometric detection showed the presence of Pn239 in the cells if strain OR. The analysis usingscan electronic microscope in combination withtransmission electronic microscope showed thatthe adsorption of Pn--239 onto strain OR occurredmainly due to the surface adsorption and flocculation of cell walls.