飞机喷洒农药的损失分析

ANALYSIS ON PESTICIDE LOSSES IN AERIAL SPRAY

通过田间试验，对装配ＧＰ－８１扁扇型喷头的运－５飞机在水稻和棉花上喷洒农药中的药液损失进行了分析，同时讨论了２，４－Ｄ丁酯对敏感作物的影响。结果表明，一元三次方程Ｙ＝ｂ＿０＋ｂ＿１Ｘ＋ｂ＿２Ｘ￣２＋ｂ＿３Ｘ￣３能很好地描述药液飘移与下风距离的关系，方程中的参数具有明确的实验意义，２，４－Ｄ丁酯对７００ｍ下风距离内的向日葵类高敏感植物有明显药害，对３５０ｍ范围内的大豆等中等敏感植物也有药害；药液由于飘移和蒸发分别损失３０％，内飘然移损失很轻微；沉积在植株上的有效药液量仅为４０％；雾滴大小对药液损失有明显影响；作物类型强烈影响内飘移率。

By field trials, the spray liquid losses were studied during spraying the pesticide overthe rice and cotton fields by the Yun-5 aircraft with the GP-81 fan nozzle. The effect of 2,4-D butylester on the sensitive crops were discussed.As the results,the equation Y=b_0+b_1X+b_2X￣2+b_3X￣3 can well describe the relation between the pesticide drift and the distancedownwind,and the coefficients in the model have the clear meanings. The 2,4-D butyl es-ter has an obvious injury to the sunflower within 700 m distance downwind,also to the soy-bean within 350 m distance downwind.The spray liquids loss about 30%by drift and evap-oration,respectively,and the losses by endodrift are slight.The effective amounts of sprayliquids depositing on the crops are no more than 40%,The droplets size influences obviouslythe losses of spray liquids,and the type of crops influence significantly the endodrift rate.