固体废物样品全溶解方法的比较研究

Comparative Study on Sample Dissolution Methods of Solid Wastes

采用容器敞口酸消解、高压釜密闭酸消解及微波辅助酸消解３种溶样技术，对电镀污泥、尾矿渣、铬渣、砷钙渣、铅锌渣以及粉煤灰等固体废物试样的全溶解效果进行了对比试验，结果表明：敞口酸消解方法难以达到全溶解，繁琐耗时，易产生二次污染；高压釜密闭酸消解法溶解效果较好，但耗时和不安全；微波辅助酸消解法溶解效果最好，还具有快速方便，较少二次污染等特点。

Comparative studies on sample dissolution methods of six kinds of solid wastes such aselectroplating sludge, tailings,chromium,arsenic-calcium and lead-zinc slags and powder coal ash-es were carried out.The three methods were 1)conventional open vessel digestion using a hot plate,2)high-pressure sealed vessel digestion and 3) microwave-assisted acid digestion technique, respec-tively. It is shown that method 1 )was not only tedious and time-consuming,but also difficult whenused to completely decompose some solid wastes.Compared to method 1),method 2)exhibited betterdissolution ability,but suffered from time-consuming and incomplete dissolution,too. Microwave-assisted acid digestion was best among the three methods and was characterized with convenient,rapid,effective,unnecessary close attention,less pollution and high recoveries for sample preparationof all solid wastes.